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Glossary

Accuracy

The degree to which the result of a measurement or position conforms to the correct value or a standard. In surveying it is more correct to use the term precision as accuracy cannot be determined.

Adjustment

A mathematical process to calculate the position of survey points using measurements made between them.

APS

Acoustic Positioning System, a positioning system that can track vehicles underwater

Artefact

A Find, an object found on an archaeological Site

Assessment survey

An assessment survey is one that aims to get an estimate of the extents, layout and main features on a site

Baseline

A tape measure laid between two survey Control Points

Baseline Offset

See Offset

Baseline Trilateration

An incorrect term for the survey technique called Ties

Bubble Level

An instrument for accurately determining relative depths underwater, see Bubble Level

Control / Detail Method

3D trilateration that uses a Control Network, see 3D Trilateration

Control Point

A survey control point, a point used to make distance measurements from

Drawing Frame

A square or rectrangular grid used to make a scale drawing

DSM

A term used in maritime archaeology for 3D Trilateration

Datum Point

A term misused in archaeological survey work, similar to a Control point when used in an Everything network

Detail Point

A survey point placed on a feature or structure and used to position it using measurements made from Control Points

Elevation

A view of a Site from the side, showing heights or depths

Everything network

A network of survey points usually attached to objects and structure all measured in to one another. An obsolete method that should not be used, see Everything Network.

Foreshore

Foreshore archaeological sites are found in the Intertidal zone between land and sea

Find

An Artefact, an object found on an archaeological Site

GNSS

Global Navigation Satellite System, a terrestrial positioning system that uses satellites. A more correct term for GPS

GPS

Global Positioning System, more correctly termed GNSS

Intertidal, Inter-tidal

The zone between the land and the sea that is exposed at low tide

Level of detail

A number specifying how much detail is to be recorded on a site or on a drawing, such as any feature bigger than 300mm (1 ft.) or any feature bigger than 25mm (1 in.)

MDT

Minimum Detectable Target, the smallest Target that can be detected with a geophysical survey instrument

Magnetometer

An instrument for detecting iron and steel objects at long range

MBES

Multibeam Echo Sounder

Metal Detector

A pulse-induction metal detector, used to detect metal at short distances on land and underwater

Monitoring survey

A survey of small areas of a site designed to record any changes to the site over time

Multibeam Echo Sounder

An instrument that uses sound pulses to create 3D images of the seabed and shipwrecks

Network

A set of survey Control Points plus the measurements made to position them

Offset

A single distance measurement to a Detail Point made at 90 degrees to a tape measure baseline, see Offset

Photogrammetry

A survey method that uses photographs to determine the positions of objects and structure

Photomosaic

A set of photographic images taken on the same plane then joined together to make a single composite image, sometimes called a photomontage

Planning Frame

See Drawing Frame

Processing, Post-Processing

The task of taking measurements, notes and sketches and turning them into a site plan

Project Design

See Project Plan

Project Plan

The plan for how research, fieldwork and reporting will be completed on an archaeological Site

Protractor

A simple instrument for measuring angles

Radial

A distance measurement made at a known heading from a Control Point, see Radial

Recording survey

A highly accurate and detailed survey of a site used to record a site in detail or for recording during n excavation

Site

An archaeological site

Site Plan

A plan drawing of an archaeoloical site made on a computer or by hand on paper

Survey Point

A point used to make a measurement from or to, see Control Point and Detail Point

Tie

A pair of distance measurements made to a Detail Point at an angle from a tape measure baseline, see Ties

Trilateration

A survey technique using distance measurements, see Trilateration

Triangulation

A survey technique using angle measurements

UTG

Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge, used to measure the thickness of metal on iron and steel hulls

   

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